Capture of dense core vesicles at synapses by JNK-dependent phosphorylation of synaptotagmin-4

The foot -and - mouth disease virus (FMDV) afflicts livestock in more than 80 countries limiting 24 food production and global trade. Production of foot -and -mouth disease (FMD) vaccines 25 require s cytosolic expression of the FMDV 3C protease to cleave the P1 polyprotein into mature 26 capsid protein s, but the FMDV 3C protease is toxic to host cells. To identify less toxic isoforms 27 of the FMDV 3C protease, we screened 3C mutants for increased transgene output over wild - 28 type 3C using a Gaussia luciferase reporter system. The novel point -mutation 3C(L127P ) 29 increased yields of recombinant FMDV subunit proteins in mammalian and bacterial cells 30 expressing P1 -3C transgenes and retained the ability to process P1 polyprotein s from multiple 31 FMDV serotypes. The 3C(L127P ) mutant produced crystalline -arrays of FMDV virus -like 32 particles in mammalian and bacterial cells, potentially providing a practical method of rapid, 33 inexpensive FMD vaccine production in bacteria .