| Products/Services Used | Details | Operation |
|---|---|---|
| Peptide Synthesis | The antibiotics used in cell culture (Penicillin-Streptomycin and Gentamicin) were from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Triton-X-100was from VWR International (West Chester, PA, USA). Ang II was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The tripeptide IRW was synthesized by Genscript (Piscataway, NJ, USA with a purity of 95% (validated by HPLC-MS/MS). The peptide was dissolved in PBS at a stock concentration of 10 mM, aliquoted and stored at −20 °C until use. In western blot, primary antibodies of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and α-tubulin were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Primary antibodies of angiotensin type I receptor (AT1R), Src, p50, phospho-p50 (p-p50) and p65 were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Primary antibodies of phospho-Src (p-Src), extracellular signal regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and phospho-p65 (p-p65) were from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). | Get A Quote |
Soy proteins are a rich source of various bioactive peptides. LSW (Leu-Ser-Trp) was previously identified from thermolysin-digested soy protein hydrolysate as a potent ACE-inhibitory peptide; however, its biological effects on vascular cells have not been elucidated. The present study evaluated anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of LSW on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Ang II promoted oxidative stress and inflammation in VSMCs; adding LSW did not show anti-oxidant activity, while COX-2, but not iNOS, was down-regulated in Ang II-stimulated VSMCs, suggesting its anti-inflammatory activity. AT1R mediates most of the pathological effects of Ang II in VSMCs; LSW down-regulated Ang II-stimulated AT... More
