The fixation and stability of dental implants is governed by the quality of the underlying alveolar bone. The current study investigates if the dual delivery of calcium chelating bone therapeutics from mineralized nanofiber fragments can help regenerate alveolar bone in vivo. Alendronate (ALN) or/ and bone morphogenetic protein 2 mimicking peptide conjugated to a heptaglutamate moiety (E7-BMP-2) were incorporated onto mineralized nanofiber fragments of PLGA-collagen-gelatin (PCG in 2:1:1 wt. ratios) via calcium coupling/ chelation. Two mg of the single loaded (ALN) and co-loaded (ALN + E7-BMP-2) mineralized nanofiber PCG grafts were filled into critical-sized (2 mm diameter x 2 mm depth) alveolar bone defects i... More
The fixation and stability of dental implants is governed by the quality of the underlying alveolar bone. The current study investigates if the dual delivery of calcium chelating bone therapeutics from mineralized nanofiber fragments can help regenerate alveolar bone in vivo. Alendronate (ALN) or/ and bone morphogenetic protein 2 mimicking peptide conjugated to a heptaglutamate moiety (E7-BMP-2) were incorporated onto mineralized nanofiber fragments of PLGA-collagen-gelatin (PCG in 2:1:1 wt. ratios) via calcium coupling/ chelation. Two mg of the single loaded (ALN) and co-loaded (ALN + E7-BMP-2) mineralized nanofiber PCG grafts were filled into critical-sized (2 mm diameter x 2 mm depth) alveolar bone defects in rat maxillae and let heal for 4 weeks. X-ray micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) analysis of the retrieved maxillae revealed significantly elevated new bone formation parameters for the ALN and ALN + E7-BMP-2 groups, compared to the unfilled defect controls. However, no significant differences between the single and co-loaded nanofiber grafts were noted. Further, histopathological analysis of the tissue sections divulged islands of new bone tissue in the ALN and ALN + E7-BMP-2 groups, while the control defect was covered with gingival tissue. Together, the presented strategy using mineralized nanofiber fragments in the sustained delivery of dual calcium chelating therapeutics could have potential applications in enhancing bone regeneration.
