Prostaglandin (PG) E2 exerts its actions by acting on a group of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). There are four GPCRs responding to PGE2 designated subtypes EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 and multiple splicing isoforms of the subtype EP3. The EP subtypes exhibit differences in signal transduction, tissue localization, and expression regulation. Studies have identified that EP2 mediates many processes, such as facilitating ovulation and fertilization, suppressing dendritic cell differentiation, and promoting amyloid-β formation in Alzheimer's disease.
